Taper forming machine



1939- C. A LB ICKEL, 2,184,377

TAPER FORMING MACHINE Filed July 26, 1937 15 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. CLIFFORD ,q, B/CKE].

' ATTORNEY.

Filed July 26, 1957 15 Sh'ets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. o CLIFFOED A. BICKEL ATTORNEY.

Dec. 26, 1939. C BlCKEL TAPER FORMING MACHINE Filed July 26,v 1937 15 Sheets-Sheet 3 ATTORNEY.

cur-F020 n Bic/(EL.

C. A. BICKEL.

-ITAPER FORMING momma Dec. 26, 1939.

Filed July 26, 1937- 15 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR.

CLIFFORD H, BICKEL.

ATTORNEY.

Dec. 26, 1939. c. A. BICKEL.

TAPER FORMING menus Filed July 26, 1937 15- Sheets-Sheet 5 I INVENTOR CLIP/0E0 19. Emma.

Dec. 26, 1939.

c. A. BJQKEL 2,184,377 TAPER FORMINGQKGHINE Filed July 26, 1937 7 1s sheets sheet s 4.; :5

Ila as a Filed July 26, 1937 15 Sheets-Sheet 7 INVENTGR. CLIFFOQO fl- BICkL ATTORNEY Dec. 26, 1939. c. A; BICKEL PAPER FORMING MACHINE Filed'July 26, 1957 15 sheets-sheets INVENTOR. Y'CLIFFOED 6, BICKEL.

ATTORNEY.

c. A. BICKIEL 2,184,377

I TAIIER FORMING momma Filed July 26, 1957 15 sheets-shed 9 INVENTOR.

CL IFFOED l7. B

BY I

3W rswgvw,

ATTORNEY:

TAP-ER FORMING MACHINE File July 26, 1937 15' Sheets-Sheet 10 I I CL/FFOED a. E/CKEL ATTORNEY.

c. A. BICKELI 'TAPER FORMING mcargm Filed July 26, 1937 Dec; 26, 1 939 15 Sheets-Sheet 11 INVEN'IVOR. curl-Togo a. BIC/(5L fay ATTORNEY? 26, 1939. I c. A. BICKEL} 2,184,371

TAPER FORMING MACHINE. I

v INVENTOR. OEQ fl- BIC/CEI- gww-fgww V ATTORNEY.

Dec. 26,1939. 4c; A.'B| KEL 2,184,377

TAPER FORMING MACHINE Filed July 26, 1937 1.5 Sheets-Sheet 13 'INVENTOR.

(IF/ 02D R BIC/(EL a vi .m .3 m

A F C m A Dec. 26; 1939.

Filed July 26, 19 15 Sheets-Sheet 14' .Pullllnllll ATTORNEY.

Dec. 26, 1939. c BlCKEL PAPER FORMING MACHINE Filed July 26, 1957 15 Sheets-Sheet 15 INVENIOR. CLIFFORD HLBICKEL QQ KS new I llllllllll lllllu ATTORNEY.

, Patented Dec.26,1939

TAPER FORMING MACHINE (Llifiord A. Bickcl, Sidney, Ohio, assignor to The Monarch Machine Tool Company,

Sidney,

Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application 'July 26, 1937, SerialNo. 155,637

11 Claims.

This invention relates toturning apparatus,

and in particular; to lathes for turning articles.

having tapers thereon by means of automatically operative taper-turning mechanisms.

One object of this invention is to provide a taper-turning apparatus having means for automatically causing the cutting .tool to follow a predetermined path so as to cut a taper with a predetermined angle, themotion of the cutting tool being brought about, in part; by the motion of a follower along an inclined guideway, and partly by the bodily movement -of the guideway' itself.

Another object is toprovide a taper-turning device, wherein the cutting tool is connected to a follower traveling in a guideway which is, itself,

caused to travel relatively to the-lathe carriage and thereby to impart an additional taper-cutting movement' to the cutting tool.

Another object is to provide a taper-machining device for machining tapers of abnormally great angles which are ordinarily outside the range of prior art taper-cutting mechanisms,

. wherein the cutting tool is connected to a shoe which moves inan inclinable slideway at the same time that the slideway is moved in the oppositedirection from the longitudinal movement of the carriage carrying the cutting tool, thereby amplifying the efiect of the shoe in the guideway.

Another object is to provide a taper-machining device, wherein the cutting tool is directly connected to the taper follower, which is itself provided with anti-friction bearings engaging guide- .ways, these guideways being formed in a member the opposite direction from the carriage,prefe'r ably by means of mechanism set in motion auto-- -matically by theJnotion of the carriage.

Another object is to provide a taper-machinof very slight angles wherein' thecutting' tool is connected to and caused to respond to the motion imparted to a follower by a guideway, this guideway itself being moved bodilyby'gearing in the same longitudinal directionas the carriage 5 but; :the opposite direction,

f the direction of the line 5-5 in Figure 1.

which is also caused to travel longitudinally in,

ing device'for machining abnormally long tapers,

carrying the cutting tool, this motion being preferablyv brought about by mechanism operated shown in Figure-'10.

-s,e,lf ,is moved longitudinally relatively to the i901.

Another object is to provide a method forming tapered work-pieces from a tool-guiding guideway, wherein the tool is moved longitudinally along the work-piece under the guidance of the inclined guidew-ay while the guideway itself is moved longitudinally relatively to the tool but in the same direction at a difierent rate of speed.

Another object is to provide a taper machining device of the'type previously mentioned, wherein. the taper guideway is moved bodily by gearing on the carriage operated by a pinion engaging a rack attached to the lathe bed.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a 'top plan View of a turning lathe with the taper-turning device of the present invention associated therewith.

Figure 2 is an enlarged plan view of a portionof the apparatus shown in Figure 1, showing the taper-regulating mechanism in greater detail.

Figure 3 is a still further enlarged plan view, partly in section and partly broken away, showing further details of a portion of the taperregulating mechanism shown in Figure 2.

- Figure 4 is a vertical section in the plane of the cross slide screw, taken substantially alon 'the lined-4 in Figure 1.

. Figure 5 is a rear elevational view, partly in section and partly broken away, of the taperregulating mechanism, looking substantially in Figure 6 is an enlarged view of theconnection between the cross slide screw and the taper-regulating mechanism as shown on the right-hand side of Figure 4. y

Figure 7 is an irregular section taken alongthe line 1-1 in Figure 3,3showingtheadjustable and non-adjustableantieiriction bearings used in the taper-regulating device.

Figure 8 is a cross section line 8-8 in Figure 3.

Figure 91s a section taken along the zigzag line 9-9 3. I v 1 Figure 10 is a side elevation of-the eccentric, supporting stud for adjustably mounting the anti-friction bearings used in the taper-regulating device. 3

Figure 11 istaken, along 'the a bottom plan view or the stud Figure 12 is a top planview of an enlarged portion of the taper-regulating mechanism shown at the left-hand side of Figure 2, with a portion. of the taper-regulating mechanism moved to the y right to disclose the mechanism beneath. j the line l3--'l3 in- Figure 13 is av section along Figure 12, showing the connection of the moving moving the guideway of the taper-regulating de- Figure 15 is asection along the line l5|5 in Figure 14, showing the connections of the various gearing in the geared bed bracket.

Figure 16 is a left-hand side elevation of the geared bed bracket shown in Figure 14.

Figure 17 is an end elevation of the geared bed bracket shown in Figure 14.

Figure 18 is a section along the line lB- l8 in Figure 17, showing the locking mechanism for rendering the gearing of the geared bed bracket inoperative in order to use the apparatus without vice.

Figure 19 is a graphical view showing the relationships existing between certain gear ratios inthe geared bed bracket andthe tapers cut on work-pieces when the taper-regulating device is set at its maximum angle of approximately 15 degrees from the longitudinal axis.

Figure 20 is a diagrammatic side elevation of the maximum size and taper of work-piece which can be machined, using the taper-regulating device without the gearing in the geared bed bracket.

Figure 21 is a diagrammatic side elevation of a work-piece which may be made by using oneto-one ratio gearing in the bed bracket.

Figure 22 is a diagrammatic side elevation of a work-piece which may be produced with twoto-one ratio gearing in the bed bracket.

Figure 23 is a diagrammatic side elevation of a work-piece which may be made by using threeto-one ratio gearing in the bed bracket.

Figure 24 is'a top plan view of a modification of Figure 1, but employing an idler in the bed bracket gearing to enable the use of the apparatus to turn abnormally long and small-angled tapers. 5

Figure 25 is a view similar tmFigure 19, but showing the action of the modified apparatus of Figure '24.

Figure 26 is a side elevation, partly in section, of amodification of Figures 1 and 24, wherein the taper slide is moved by gearing on the carriage operated by a pinion engaging arack on the lathe bed.

Figure 27 is a rear elevation of the modification shown in Figure 26.'

General construction In general, the taper turning apparatus of this invention consists of a guideway or swiv'el which may .be attached in any suitable way to the lathe or other machine tool. This swivel is provided with a guideway within which moves a-follower member operatively connected to the cutting tool in such a manner that when the guideway is arranged at an angle to the axis of rotation of the work-piece, the follower member moves down the guideway as the'carriage' moves along the taper machine, thereby causing the tool to move transversely to cut a similar path along" the work-piece. In this manner the cutting tool will cut a taper upon the work-piece correspond- 10 7 rotation .ofzthewo'rk-piece. Anti-friction bearingto the angle of the guideway to the axis of ings are provided between the various parts of the follower member and the cooperating guide way, the latter being itself mounted for reciprocation as a slide. For reciprocat g Sl de gearing of other ratios substituted in order to vary the range and maximum angle of the tapercutting mechanism.

Hitherto, the taper-regulating mechanisms of the prior art have been suitable only for cutting tapers of relatively small angles. Accordingly,

when an operator attempts to use one of these devices to cut an exceptionally steep taper, the friction set up between the follower and the guide-way in which it moves becomes so great that the follower is either wholly immovable or else must beleft so loose in its guideways that the accuracy is impaired. Such friction also gives-rise to considerable wear and correspondingly creates inaccuracy in the taper produced.

According to the present invention, antifriction bearings serve to eliminate a large portion of this friction, and the taper-regulating device itself is moved bodily bymeans of gearing within the bed bracket so that as the carriage moves toward the headstock, the guideway or swivel is moved bodily toward the 'tailstock. This arrangement multiplies the effect of the taperregulating mechanism so as to cause it to produce a much steeper taper upon the work-piece than is present in the taper-regulating mecha-' nism itself, as measured by the angle between the guideways ofthe swivel and the axis of rotation of the work-piece. Oil well drilling tools require abnormally steep tapers, beyond the range of ordinary taper-cutting mechanisms, in the threaded connections between successive sections of the drilling tool. These threaded tapered connections require extremeaccuracy of machining'because if they are too loose the drill is in danger of coming apart while it. is in the ground, whereas if they are too tight the different sections of the drill cannot be assembled and disassembled easily' when it is desired to do so.

The apparatus of the present invention maybeemployed to produce exceptionally long, shallow tapers by reversing the position of one of theracks by which motion is conducted to and from the bed bracket gearing between the carriage and the taper-regulating slide. When the apparatus is thus arranged, the rack drivesthe bed bracket gear on the opposite sidefrom its normal position for turning steeply tapered work-pieces so that when the carriage movesbed bracket so that the gearing may be placed temporarily out .of action, and theTtaper-regulating slide locked in a fixed position relatively to the bed of the machine.

Lathe construction Q Referring to the drawings in detail, Figure 1 showsa lathe having a bed III with longitudinal ways I I on the upper portion thereof. Upon these ways travels the lathe carriage, generally desig nated I2, this being 'moved to and fro in the usual manner by a lead screw (not shown) or by the usual hand wheel and rack (not shown). The lathe is provided with a headstock, generally designated l 3, which contains the driving mechanism forrotating the live spindle l4, the work-piece l5 and face plate l1. work-piece I5 is supported by the dead spindle I8 supported in the tailstock i9, and movable to and fro by means of the handwheel 20. The tailstock !9 is slidable along the bed of the lathe in the usual manner, and may be clamped in any desired position in customary ways. t

The lathe carriage I2 is provided'with an apron 2| which extends downwardly in front of the lathe, and which contains the various controls for manually regulating the motion of the carriage. Mounted on the carriage I2 is a support 22, in which is journalled a sleeve 23. Operatively connected to the outer end of the sleeve 23, as by the key 24, is a hand wheel by means of which the sleeve 23 may be rotated manually. Also keyed to the sleeve 23, as by the key 26, is a micrometer head 21, by means of which the feeding motion of the hand wheel 25 may be regulated asto the amount by which it feeds the cutting tool to the work-piece. The support 22 is provided with a corresponding hub-like portion 28 adapted to bear a suitable index mark and a vernier'so as to enable the setting of the micrometer head 21 to be accurately regulated.

Supported within the sleeve 23 is the .outer end of the cross feed screw 29, having .screw threads 30 in its intermediate portion. The outer end of the cross feed screw 29 is provided witha keyway3l adapted to receive a key 32, secured to i the sleeve 23 in such a manner as to form a driving connection therebetween and yet to permit the cross feed screw '29 to be moved telescopically into and out of the sleeve 23. The inner end of the sleeve 23 is provided with teeth forming a driving pinion 33 which meshes with a drive gear 34, mounted upon a j ack'sha'ft 35 within the apron 2 I. The drive gear 34 is operatively connected by means of conventional gearing to the feed-rod of the lathe so that the rotation of the feed rod will cause the rotation of the drive gear 34, with consequent rotation of the sleeve 23 and the cross feed screw 23.

Reciprocably mounted on the portion 36 of the carriage I2 is the bottom slide 31, to-which is secured-the cross feed nut 38, asby the bolts 39.

Consequently, when the cross feed screw 29 is rotated the nut 38 is caused to move along the threaded portion 38, and,carries the bottomslide 31 to and fro in a direction transverse to the longitudinal ways ll on the lathe bed. The bot tom slide 31 is provided with the usual compound slide or tool slide 48 (omitted for sake of clearness from Figures 2 to 5, inclusive, but shown in Figure 1). The tool slide is of conventional construction, andfis supported slidably upon the bottom slide 31 in sucha manner as to be moved to and fro relatively thereto when the hand crank 4| (Figure 1) is rotated by the operator. The tool slide 40 is provided with a slotted portion 42, within which is mounted the tool post 43 having' the cutting tool 44-held thereby. The tool' post .clamping screw 45, whenrotated in one direction, serves to clamp the tool post 43in the grooved portion 42 and also to firmly secure :the tool 44 within the tool post 43. The compound slide 40 is also capable of being swung angularly in the usual manner, it being provided with a turntable At its opposite. end the in the ways 10 and 1!.

portion 48, which cooperates with a similar portion 41 upon the bottom slide 31.

Taper-regulating mechanism t The right-hand'end of the cross feed screw 4 29 (Figure 4) is provided with a reduced diameter portion 50,1which is journalled-in bearings 5! I (Figure 6) and provided with anti-friction thrust any suitable type, the type illustrated consisting of bronze bushings. The bearings 51 are mounted 'in the carriage shoe 53, which is slidably mounted in the guide members l it) (Figure 8) upon which rest theelongated plates 48. The carriage shoe 54.

bearings 52 and 53. The bearings-5| may be of connection 30 in the threaded stud 56 opens into a passagewayfil therethrough, sothat the space 62 around the reduced diameter portion 59' may be filled with lubricant to lubricate the-bearings 5|, 52 and 53. The retaining nut '63, threaded onto the threaded end 64 of, the cross feed screw 29, engages a washer 35, which in turn, engages the'thrust bearing 53 and holds in assembly the parts associated with'the cross feed screw 29.

The bushings.5l are provided with passages 66 4 for the conduction of lubricant thereto and to the bearings 52 and 53.

The guide bracket is secured to the taper device supporting bracket 61 by the bolts 68. The

taper device supporting bracket H is secured'to the carriage l2 by means of cap screws 33 (Figures 2.and 3), and aligned therew th by dowel pins (not shown). The supporting bracket 87 is provided with slideways 10 and H, provided with retaining portions '12 and 13, respectively. Mounted in recesses in the slideways Hi and H are antifriction bearing assemblies 14 of a special type, hereinafter described in detail. The supporting bracket 61 is also provided with anti-frictionbearing assemblies 15.

The slide 16 rests upon the anti-frict on hearing assemblies 15, and slides between the antifriction; bearing assemblies 14 mounted in recesses The bearings 15 thus support the weight of the slide 16, whereas the bearings 14 resist the thrust upon the slide while the device is in operation. On the ends of the slide 16 are mounted the swivel clamps I1 and I8 (Figure 2), being secured thereby to the bolts 19.

Theswivel clamps I1 and I8. (Figure'5) areprovided' with overhanging arcuate edges,',beneath which are arranged the opposite ends ofthe swivel 88. The swivel clamp 18 is additionally provided'with an arcuate rack 8| meshing-with a pinion 82 mounted upon a shaft 83, supported in the bracket .84 upon one end of the swivel 80,

and having a hand wheel '85 for rotating the pinion 82. An index pointer 86 cooperates with scales 8'! and88' upon the swivel clamp 18 so asto indicate-the amount by whch the swivel 80 is displaced from its position parallel with the ways ll of the lathe bed. The swivel 8!) may be locked.

in any position of adjustment by tightening the bolts 19, thereby clamping the flangededges ofthe swivel clamps "ll and '18 tightly down upon the ends of the swivel 180. Y

The slide 16 (Figure 6) is provided centrally with' a swivel stud I08, upon which is threaded the retaining nut llll, .ThefswiVel studlilflis provided with a-headyl02which-serves to provide a pivotal'suppo'rt for the opposite sidesof vthe swivel 80. Engaging these opposite sides are anti- I friction-bearing assemblies I 03, of a type similar center of which is provided with a bore I which serves to pivotally receive the stem portion I06 of the carriage shoe 54. A dust cover I01 is I held in position by the washer 59,'which in turn,

is engaged by the nut I08 of the threaded stud '56. The carriage shoe 5.4 is likewise provided with anti-friction bearings I09 (Figure 8) engag- L cient amount to bring it into engagement with between.

ing the guide members H0. The latter are se- ,ing I I5 from the space 62. The guide members H0 and the swivel 80 are constructed from hardened steel, and the slide 18 is also provided with A hardened steel bearing strips I and 252 secured thereto by the screws 253 for engagement by the anti-friction bearings.

. The anti-friction bearing assemblies hitherto designated by'reference numerals-14, 15, I03 and I09, are shown more in detail in Figures 7 to 11, inclusive. Each bearing assembly consists of inner and outer annular races I20 and I2I, respectively, with bearing balls I22 arranged there- The inner race I20 is variously mounted, according to the location of the bearing assembly. In the bearing assemblies 14 the inner race I20'islmounted upon stud bolts I24 or I25. In the stud bolt I24 the portion upon which the inner race I20 of the single bearing is mounted is coaxial with the bearing race. The stud bolts I25, however, as shown in Figure 10, are provided with eccentric portions I26, upon which'the inner race I20 is mounted. Consequently, the position of the bearing may be adjusted by loosening the nuts I21 and I28 (Figure 5), by which each stud bolt is held in position, whereupon the bolt may be turned until the bearing is'shifted by a sumthepart which it supports. One bearing assembly 14 on the inner side of the slide 16 is mounted upon the plain or coaxial stud bolt I24, whereas the remainder of the bearing assemblies 14 are mounted upon eccentric stud bolts I25, as shown in Figure 3. By this means the bearing assemblles 14 can be accurately adjusted against the sides of the slide I6, the bearing assembly 14 upon the plain stud bolt I24 serving as a point of reference.

The bearing assemblies 15, supporting the weight and vertical thrust of the slide 18, are mounted in two difierent manners, as shown in Figure 3. The bearing assemblies 15 at the opposite ends of the supporting bracket 61 are mounted upon stud bolts I29 secured in bearing brackets I39. The bearing assemblies 15, arranged in the supporting bracketIiT between the opposite ends thereof (Figures 3 and 9), are mounted upon pins I30a, the opposite ends of which are secured in transverse bores I3Ia in sleeves I32, having flanges I83 by which the sleeves are held within the bores I34, as by the screws I35.

Two of the bearing assemblies I03 (Figure 7) are mounted within slots I36 in the corners of the carriage shoe slide I04, andare supported upon 3g pins I31 in vertical bores I88. The other two versa (Figures 12, 13 and 14). w

.bracket I64 is provided with an extension I65 bearing assemblies I03 are mounted upon the eccentric portions I39 of stud bolts I40, held in position by the nuts I and locknuts I42. By loosening the nuts HI and I42 the eccentric stud bolts' I may be rotated to adjust the clearance between the bearing assemblies I03 and the inner sides of the swivel 80..

The bearing assemblies I09 are similarly sup- I ported in slots I43 in the corners of the carriage shoe 54 (Figures 3 and 8). Two of these bearing assemblies I09 are mounted 'upon pins I 44, whereas the other two are mounted upon the eccentric portions I45 of the stud bolts I46 having 'the nuts I41 and locknuts I48. By loosening the nuts I41 and I48, the stud bolts I46 maybe rotated so that the clearance between the bearing assemblies I09 and the guide members IIO may be accurately adjusted.

Secured to one end of the taper device supporting'bracket 61, as by the screws I50, is a rack bracket; generally designated I5I, having oppositely disposed portions I52 and I53, with sockets I54 and I55, respectively. Only one of these sockets I54 or I55 is in use at a given time. The

socket selected for use receives the reduced end portion I56 of-a. rack I51, having teeth I58. The rack is secured to the bracket portion I52 by any suitable means, such as by the taper pin I59 in the hole I60. The bracket portion I53 similarly is provided with a hole I6I for the-taper pin I59 when the rack I51 is shifted from the socket I54 to the socket I55. Under these conditions, however, for reasons which will hereinafter appear, the rack teeth I58 are caused to face in the opposite direction when the rack is transferred 35 from the socket I54 to the socket I55, or

vice Secured to the edge rib m of the lathe, as by the bolts I63, is a geared bed bracket, gen erally designated. I64. For this purpose the bed overhanging the edge rib I62, the latter being engaged on its under side by a clamping member I68, clamped thereagainst by the bolts I68. The bed bracket I64 is provided with a pair of vertical bores I61 and I68, containing bearing bushings I69 and I19, rotatably receiving the vertical shafts III and I12,.respectively.. The bed bracket I 64 is also provided with a recess or depression I18, closed by a coverplate. I14, held in position by the thumb nuts I15 engaging the threaded studs I16. The upper. ends of the shafts III and I12 are splined as at I11 and I18, respectively, (Figures 14 and 15) and upon these are mounted the intermeshing gears I19 and I80, respectively. The lower portion of the bed bracket I64 isprovidedwith recesses I8I and I92, into which the lower ends of the shafts HI and I12 pass. Keyed to the lower ends of these shafts, onthe reduced diameter portions I88 and I84, respectively, are the pinions I85 and I86,

as by the keys I91 and I88. I

bearing bushing I96. This bore I95 is used only when the rack I51 is transferred from the socket I54 to the socket I55, as in the case when it is desired to out extremely long and shallow tapers,

as shown in dotted lines in Figure 15. The normal arrangement of the rack I51. for cutting ex- I91 of a rack I98, the'latter reciprocating in a bearing bushing I99 mounted in a bore 200 within the bed bracket I64. The opposite end of the rack I98 is threaded, as at 20I, andis secured within the threaded socket 202 of the boss 203 on the slide 16. Consequently, when the lathe carriage I2 moves in the direction of the headstock, or to the right in Figures 12. and 14, the rack I51 will move to the right, rotating the gear I85 and shaft I1I in a counterclockwise direction. The'consequent rotation of the ear I 19 causes the gear I80, shaft I12 and pinion I86 to rotate in a clockwise direction, thereby moving the rack I98 to the left and consequently moving'the slide 16 and swivel 80 in the direction of the tailstock.

In order to disable the mechanism of the bed bracket I64 temporarily, as when it is desired to employ the taper-regulating device without the multiplying gearing of the bed bracket I64, one of the gears I19 or I80 is removed, or one of the racks I51 or I98 disconnected. The shaft I12 is then locked tightly by turning the 'nut 204 on the threaded end 2850f the stud 206 (Figures 14' and 18), which passes through the locking bushing 201 mounted within the bore 208 of the bed bracket I64. The opposite threaded end 209 of the stud 206 is seated in a threaded socket 2I0 of the locking plug 2| I. The tightening of the nut 204 urges the locking bushing 201 toward the locking plug 2! I and into engagement Arrangement for machining long, shallow tapers rection as the lathe carriage I2. This may be done as shown in dotted lines in Figure -15 by removing the rack I51 frornitslsocket I54 and bushing I94, and transferring it tothe socket I55 and bushing 196. Atthe same time the teeth I58 are turned in the opposite direction so that they now mesh with, the teeth of the pinion I85 on the opposite side thereof from the position shown in Figure 15. The taper pin I59 is then placedin the hole I6 I (Figure 12) to.

anchor the rack I51 in its shifted position. Under these circumstances, when the carriage I2 moves to the right,-the rack I51- will move to the right, causing the pinion I65 to move in a clockwise rather than a counter-clockwise direction, as before. The shaft HI and gear, I19 accordingly rotate in a clockwise direction, causing thegear I80, the shaft I12 and the pinion I86 to rotate in a counter-clockwise direction. This action causes the rack I98 to move to theright, thereby causingthe slide 16 and swivel 80 to move in the same direction'as the lathe carriage I2, but at a different rate of speed. Y

aThe'foregoing result of elongating the effect of the taper-regulating. device may also be-obtained by the modified apparatus shown in Fi ure 24. In this apparatus the general construction is the same as that previously described. It will be observed, however, that-the teeth of the gears I19 and I80 in the geared bed bracket I68 do not mesh, with each other but are spaced apart from each other. The drive between these two gears I19 and I80 is broughtabout by means of an idler pinion 2I2 mounted on a shaft 2I3 and meshing with the teeth of the gears I19 and I80. In this manner the direction of rotation of the gear I80 is reversed from the direction of rotation of the same gear in Figures 1 and 14, so that when the lathe carriage I2 moves toward the headstock I3 the taper slide 16 likewise moves toward the headstock I3. In this manner, asin the previously described construction of reversing the position of the rack I51 in the'bracket Il, a relatively short taper-regulat ing device may be employed to produce a greatly elongated work-piece I5, having a very shallow taper. The gears I19 and I80, in Figure 2'1, like 'the same gears in Figure 14', are removable and interchangeable so that the drive ratio maybe altered. The shaft 2I3 .is therefore mounted upon a movable base (not shown) so that the idler pinion 2 I 2 may always be brought into mesh with the two gears I19 and I80 regardless of their relative sizes.

' Operation In the operation of the taper-regulating. device of this invention, the swivel 80 is set at the desired angle of taper by turning the hand wheel 85 and setting the index pointer 86 opposite the proper grad'uations upon either of the scales 81 or 88.

bringing the end clamps 11 and 18 tightly into engagement with the swivel 80.' The bolts I63 are likewise tightened in order to clamp the geared bed bracket I64 to the edge rib I62, and the nut 204 is loosened in order to release the shaft I12 for free rotation. The proper gears I19 and I80 are chosen, according to the 'par- .ticular gear ratio desired, and these are then placed upon the splined portions I11 and I18 of the shafts HI and 112 (Figure 14).

The clamping nut I08 upon the threaded stud 56 is then loosened so as to free the shoe 54 from its engagement with the guide members IIO. This allows the cross feed assembly totravel inwardly or outwardly, according to the angle at which the swivel I80 is set. The cutting tool a 46 is then set to the desired positionby turning the hand wheel 25 (Figure 4) because of the telescoping arrangement of thecross slide screw shaft 29 within the sleeve 23, there being nointerier'ence between these two members although -a driving connection is obtained.

The determination of the proper gear "ratio will depend upon the-angle of taper which is to be machined upon the work-piece. Assuming that the'taper-regulating device, unaided by the bed bracket gearing, has a maximum travel of 12 inches and a total'turning angle of 30 degrees included angle, or an angle of degrees between thesurface of the taper and the'axis of rotation. If the gears I19 and I80 are chosen to have a one-tov-one ratio, such as when each has sixty teeth itwill be seer from Figure 19 that the half angle, that is, the anglebetween' the surface -of the taper and the axis of rotation, will be increased from. 15 degrees in the taper regulating device to approximately 28% degrees at the ,cutting' tool. In Figure 19 the point A, marked zero, indicates the starting operation of the device.

The swivel is then clamped in position 'byKtightening 'the clamping bolts 19, thereby Pbint in the 16 

